What Base64 is for
Base64 represents binary data using 64 printable ASCII characters. It exists because plenty of systems — email headers, URLs, JSON fields, HTML attributes — can only carry text safely, and raw bytes passing through them get corrupted.
It is an encoding, not encryption. Anyone can decode Base64 instantly, so it protects nothing. If you are using it to hide a value, that value is not hidden.
The cost is size: Base64 output is roughly 33% larger than the input, because every three bytes become four characters. That matters when embedding images in CSS or HTML, where the saving from avoiding a request has to outweigh the extra bytes.